Ghost gold mining town where the Welcome Stranger, the world's largest-known gold nugget, was found
Moliagul is a ghost town which was once a thriving gold mining village. It is located at one corner of a district known as the Golden Triangle which has produced more gold nuggets than any other area in Australia. The other corners are formed by Tarnagulla and Dunolly. Although there are few houses, most of which are in ruins, there are about 200 people living in the district. There is one main reason for visiting this peaceful piece of the Australian bush - it was here that the largest known gold nugget, the famous Welcome Stranger, was discovered on 5 February, 1869.
Location
Moliagul is located 200 km north-west of Melbourne via Marong and 20 km north of Dunolly.
^ TOPOrigin of Name
It is thought that "moliagulk" was a Wemba Wemba Aboriginal word meaning "wooded hill".
^ TOPThings to See and Do
John Flynn Memorial
There is a memorial near the corner of Bealiba and Murray Streets which is dedicated to the Reverend John Flynn, the founder of the Flying Doctor Service, who was born at Moliagul in 1880. The plaque on the memorial, which has a propellor of a plane as a symbol of the Flying Doctor, reads: "The Very Reverend John Flyn 1880-1951 OBE, DD Founder of Australian Inland Mission and the Flying Doctor service was born at Moliagul opposite this spot. He spread a mantle of safety over inland Australia by aviation, radio and medicine, and brought spiritual comfort, gladness and rejoicing. 'Across the lonely places of the land he planted kindness and gathered love.'"
Nearby is an old brick building, opposite the public hall, which is reputedly the site where John Deason, one of the finders of the 'Welcome Stranger', died. Around the corner is the Mt Moliagul Hotel, established in 1856.
School and Church
At the corner of Graham Street and High Street are the Moliagul State School (1872) and the Anglican Church, built of stone and brick in 1864-65.
The Welcome Stranger Find
On February 5, 1869 a Cornish miner John Deason (he had been born on the island of Tresco, 50 km south-west of Lands End), who had been prospecting in the area for seven years, was working in Bulldog Gully, near Moliagul. While searching about the roots of a tree Deason discovered, 2.5 cm below the surface, a gold nugget. He broke a pick handle trying to lever it out of the ground and eventually extracted it with a crowbar. Deason, with his partner Richard Oates (who also came from Tresco) concealed the nugget until dark. Then, with Oates, he dug it out and took it home in a dray.
The excellent signage at the goldfield explains: “Later that afternoon the nugget was placed in their dray and taken down the hill to the Deason house. The gold was stained black by ironstone deposits and was mixed with a large quantity of quartz. After placing the nugget in the fire, the gold expanded and the quartz became brittle and loose. When the nugget cooled 26 kg of quartz was prised off and later crushed in a local battery, belonging to Mr Edward Endey.”
The two then held a party, during which they revealed their find to the assembled guests. “Don’t go home boys,” said Deason, “That’s solid gold and I want you to stay the night and escort it to the bank at Dunolly tomorrow.”
The 2316 ounce (69 kg) 'Welcome Stranger', the world's largest-known gold nugget, was taken to Dunolly where it had to be broken on an anvil by the local blacksmith, Archie Walls (sadly there are no photographs of the genuine, original nugget) before it could fit on the bank's scales. It was worth £9,553 at the time (the equivalent, in terms of income value, of around $10 million in today’s money). Although it is accepted as weighing 66.9 kg the signage at Moliagul explains: “The total weight of the nugget, including what was obtained from the crushed quartz and other pieces broken off and given away to friends, was estimated at 72.5 kg (2332 ounces)." Deason returned to Moliagul and his descendants are still in the area. Oates went back to Cornwall for a while but married and returned to live out his life at Dunolly.
Moliagul Historic Reserve and Discovery Walk
Located 2 km south-west of town (the route is clearly signposted) is a granite obelisk which the Mines Department placed there in 1897. It marks the site the 69 kg 'Welcome Stranger' gold nugget which was found on 5 February 1869. The citation on the monument reads: "Welcome Stranger Nugget - On this spot the largest nugget of gold found in the world was discovered on the 5th February 1869 by John Deason and Richard Oates. Weight - 2316 oz. Value - £9553. Erected by Mines Department 1897."
The Welcome Stranger Discovery Walk (there is a map and clear instructions on the signage near the obelisk) starts at the obelisk and explores the reserve which has a picnic area with shelters and barbecues. It starts with examples of surface mining (1) then moves to the location where John Deason had a small two-roomed shack (2) before moving on to the site of the puddler (3) where Deason and Oates treated the wash from their claim. A puddler was a watertight circular trench that was filled with water. Dirt from the claim was then added and a horse walked in a circle dragging chains or harrows around the trench to break up the dirt and dissolve the clay. The sludge was drained off and the remaining rocks removed and put through a cradle to glean the gold. The proximity to the house was to deter theft from the puddler.
The pile of stones further on are all that remain of Richard Oates' house (4). He was working in the paddock here when Deason called him to see the nugget. At that time there were a number of Chinese and European miners about, as well as market gardens and two dairies. Further on is a wooden headstone on the fence line which dates from the 1860s. It is thought to mark a Chinese grave. (5) Stones from fireplaces and raised dirt floors are all that remain of the Chinese camp from the 1860s.(6) Like most Chinese camps it was distanced from the remainder of the settlement due to the hostility of the other miners.
The walk continues past an old puddling machine (7) and the remnants of a forest (8) which provided shelter for kangaroos and emus before being chopped down by the miners. Then past some new growth (9) of red and grey box trees and finally it crosses Black Gully (10), named because the gold was stained with black ironstone.
Other Attractions in the Area
Mount Moliagul
Clearly visible to the north of the town and accessible via Dalmatian Road and Chinamans Lane, is Mount Moliagul (525 metres) which offers panoramic views from the summit. For more information check out http://www.goldfieldsguide.com.au/explore-location/76/mt-moliagul-lookout.
History
* The area is thought to have been occupied by the Wemba Wemba Aborigines prior to white settlement.
* Pastoralist and settlers began to take up land in the district at the end of the 1840s.
* Gold was discovered at Queens Gully near Moliagul in late 1852.
* By 1853 a police camp had been established to keep law and order for the 4,000 prospectors who were in the district.
* By January 1853 there was a store, blacksmith's and butcher's shop but the Sandy Creek rush saw the Moliagul settlement deserted.
* A second rush occurred at Moliagul when gold was found at Little Hill in July 1855. It was estimated there were about 16,000 people rushed the area.
* The Mt Moliagul Hotel was established in 1856.
* A school was opened in 1859.
* On February 5, 1869 a Cornish miner John Deason, discovered the 66kg 'Welcome Stranger', then the world's largest-known gold nugget.
* The school was moved to another site in 1872. The teacher was Thomas Flynn, the father of Rev. John Flynn.
* In 1880 the Reverend John Flynn, who founded the legendary Flying Doctor Service, was born in the village.
* The school closed in 1970.
^ TOPVisitor Information
There is no visitor information in Moliagul.
^ TOPUseful Websites
There is a useful local website. Check out http://www.tarnagulla.com.au/moliagul.
^ TOP
I am interested in attending the welcome stranger 150 yr. reunion next year, can you give me more info or a program of what’s on please, so I can plan my trip accordingly as I am coming from QLD. I look forward to hearing from you and wish you a Merry Christmas. cheers Jodie
I am sorry – but I don’t have any information. I would suggest you contact the Dunolly Visitor Information Centre, tel: (03) 5468 1205 or the Central Goldfields Visitor Information Centre, tel: (03) 5460 4511. They should know.
As a young lad from Melbourne (Richmond), I spent a number of very happy school holidays with my Aunt (Cissy) and Uncle (Jim) Lacey in their mud-brick house just off the road leading up to the monument at the site near where the Welcome Stranger gold nugget was found. At the time they were in that house, I was somewhere around 10-12 years of age (I am now 76) and recall the wonderful experiences I had during those holidays, as a city boy, visiting the bush. And in those days, it really was bush out the back of that mud-brick house. There was plenty of room to wander around, unimpeded by close ‘city’ neighbours, and a sizeable dam behind the house in which were plenty of yabbies to test my skill at catching them on some meat tied onto a piece of string. There were a few stores in the township’s main street as I recall. The general store was run by the McCoy family and across the road from that store was a smaller store / post office agency that was run by a lovely lady, Miss Annie Shea. Further down the road was the Mt. Moliagul Hotel that was owned by a Miss Montgomery. I think she had a barman by the name of Roy that helped her run the hotel and its attached accommodation rooms. I recall my Uncle Jim had a great friendship with the people in the hotel and regularly played cards with Miss Montgomery and Roy during certain evenings in each week where Uncle Jim nearly always won. Miss Montgomery couldn’t believe how my uncle would always win at cards as she could never seem to get a reasonable break. Uncle Jim took me into his confidence one day when he told me that they always sat in the same chairs around the dining-room’s table when they played and that meant that Miss Montgomery sat in front of a large mirror. Uncle Jim could see what cards Miss Montgomery had in her hand and, of course, he always had the ability to win at will. Miss Montgomery never found out about my uncle’s ‘advantage’ but always enjoyed the challenge of trying to beat him. They both enjoyed each other’s company and when she passed away she left the hotel to my uncle in her Will. He and Aunty Ciss ran the hotel for some time before selling it after the Calder Highway was upgraded resulting in less passing trade through Moliagul. Uncle Jim and Aunty Ciss then moved into Dunolly where they stayed for the remainder of their lives. Their son, Arthur (Joe) Lacey also lived in Dunolly with his wife Peggy and, like Uncle Jim, was a wonderful Aussie Rules footballer. I am truly indebted to these loving relatives for their kindness to me and my family over many years. May God bless them all and bring them to everlasting life.
Lovely memories John, I am thinking that all that glitters isn’t gold but the “Stranger’ must have, however, I found your story even better, thanks … however, I think the town memorial to John Flynn really poor for the wonderful achievement which was his & by others also, definitely inadequate & beyond my belief when I visited in 2010
Cheers & kind regards
Nancy Flynn
yes, Flynn & mine arrived in Victoria in 1857 & were teachers, as was John’s father
Any connection? possibly? for a few reasons, but not proven, as I know his grandfather was from Ireland like my rellies
John, Jim and Ciss were my auntie and uncle as well. I stayed at their hotel with them when I was about 5 years old for a time. I started prep at the Moliagul school. It only had one teacher that covered all the grades. I used to go rabbiting with uncle Jimmy at night once a week after tea, and at 6 o’clock auntie ciss would send me to the bar and make sure uncle Jimmy was closing up, he would give me a lemonade and sit me up on the bar, I remember he had greyhounds, Auntie Ciss was a true lady, a lovely woman, I loved the months I stayed with them!, I didn’t want to leave! I am now 73 yrs old, and still remember them both with lots of love and affection!
Do you have information on the family of William Smith and wife Matilda? They had many children including my grandfather Rev Ernest Smith born in Tarnagulla 1865. They had a farm at Moliagul
What are the predominant timber species in, on and around the Moliagul area?
I’m interested because I’ve started keeping bees and live on the north eastern corner of Mt Moliagul
My Great Great Grandfather Jacob Spence was a Hard Hills Miner in Moliagul in 1856
The Roy mentioned in your article was Roy Snow, my uncle. He was the son of Simon and Marion Snow who lived in a house (still there but very derelict) just south of the old Moliagul school and Church of England). My Dad Reginald was born in 1902 and was one of 6 children. .